reprinted with permission from the Ontario Veterinary Medical Association

1. My veterinarian says my pets office visit / vaccinations / surgery / medication, etc.  cost how much??

Like most other professional offices you visit (your dentist, chiropractor, lawyer, etc.) fees are payable at the time service is rendered.

Your best course of action is to call your veterinary hospital ahead of time and inquire about alternative payment methods. The hospital manager will be happy to clarify the payment policy of the individual hospital.

We recommend you try to budget for veterinary care in your household budget.

Many veterinary preventive health care services can be staggered over a period of time, rather than doing "everything" in one visit. Your veterinarian can best advise you which procedures can be deferred, if necessary.

Most veterinary facilities accept payment by major credit cards. This is especially helpful at the time of a medical emergency.

 In addition, our hospital offers a method of payment known as "Pet Card" whereby the balance of your account with the hospital is paid by Pet Card and then you are responsible for repaying the balance to the Pet Card company in small easy monthly payments. This can make caring for your pet much more managable. 

2. Isn't the cost of veterinary medicine out of sight and unreasonable? etc.

The extent of care given to any animal is ultimately determined by its owner. Every pet owner has different ideas as to what is acceptable pet care. Veterinarians can only make their clients aware of the medical options that are available. Then, they guide owners in their choices regarding the most important health care options for their pets. The final decision and choices rest with the owner.

Veterinarians are willing and do go the extra mile for pet owners, but owners should be prepared for the associated expenses and understand that the veterinarian should be compensated for his/her professional services and related expenses. 

3. Why should I spay or neuter my pet? Why does it cost what it does?

There are long term health benefits to your pet when it is spayed or neutered. Ask your veterinarian to explain these. Obviously, the primary benefit is controlling the pet population and reducing the numbers of unplanned, unwanted pets.

Spay and neuter procedures are major surgery for your pet. The average spay or neuter costs less than an automobile tune-up. The procedure requires the time of a veterinarian and a surgical technician, newly-sterilized surgical instruments, general anesthesia, drapes, suture material, and hospitalization. When measured against the cost of feeding and nurturing unwanted kittens or puppies, spaying/neutering is much more cost-effective.

4. I recently took in a stray that appeared injured, possibly hit by a car. etc.

If you "adopt" or "take in" the animal, you become the owner and therefore are responsible for the animal's care. Hopefully, a healthy animal is your reward for trying to do the right thing.

Veterinarians are routinely faced with these cases. Most will work out a satisfactory arrangement with the person who wants to pursue treatment for the animal. Defining the financial commitment for the animal at the initial visit can help avoid financial problems later on.

Making the decision to take in a stray should only be done with the same careful consideration that is involved in purchasing or adopting a new pet. Veterinary expenses are not assessed based on the method by which a pet is acquired. If you cannot accept financial responsibility for a stray animal, it should be taken to your local Humane Society or animal control office.

5. Why can't veterinarians advise, diagnose and/or prescribe over the phone and save me a whole lot of time and money?

Not only is it unethical and illegal to prescribe for an animal that hasn't been physically examined by a veterinarian, it is also impossible to come up with an accurate diagnosis and rational plan of treatment.

A veterinarian can't make a diagnoses based on symptoms only as observed by an owner. The outward signs may be an indication of any number of internal causes with a wide variety of clinical treatments. A complete physical examination and other diagnostic tests are required to determine the cause of the symptoms and best course of treatment.

6. Why is there such a wide range of prices for the same procedure(s) among veterinarians?

Fees are set by each individual veterinary practice and each has different expenses that are covered by the fees charged (i.e., salaries, rent, utilities, up to date medical equipment, etc). Often, the different fees do not reflect the same set of services, although there may be certain basic procedures in common.

Each veterinarian sets the fees for services based on varying criteria, such as different drugs, anesthetics, antibiotics, medical techniques and products, which may have a bearing on the cost of the services.

7. How much should I anticipate spending for veterinary care for a new puppy or kitten? On an annual basis thereafter?

Most puppies and kittens need basic health examinations, checks for parasites and vaccinations. Veterinary hospitals will provide general estimates by telephone. If you check with a few hospitals, you will see that fees for similar services do not vary that much. When requesting an estimate you need to be sure exactly what you are getting for the fees charged, and whether there are additional costs for anything else.

For a new puppy or kitten, you can generally expect to have veterinary care/vaccines done at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. Stool samples should be done at 8 and 16 weeks of age. A common question that arises is "why does my puppy/kitten need so many vaccines/stool checks during their first year of life"? The vaccination schedule is formulated to ensure that your pet has adequate immunity against the most common illnesses that they will encounter. Just like human infants, our young pets do not have a fully competant immune system until they mature with the vaccinations they need to stay protected.

Fecal testing is done multiple times during this time because puppies/kittens can contract parasites from many different sources, including their mother's milk and their environment. In addition, parasitic infection is most often detected by finding parasite eggs in the stool, which can be shed intermittantly. Due to this intermittant shedding, multiple stool samples should be analyzed to ensure that parasites have not been missed in previous stool samples.

8. Does my pet have to get a full set of vaccinations to get a rabies certificate? What shot(s) are absolutely necessary for my dog/cat and how much do they cost?

To get a rabies certificate, only a rabies vaccination is needed. This law is in place to protect humans and animals from the spread of rabies. However, the vaccine cannot be administered without the animal first having received a physical examination. It is in the best interest of your pet to get a routine check-up plus all the necessary vaccines as determined by your veterinarian to maintain your pet's good health. There are many infectious diseases of animals, many of them fatal to your pet. The additional cost of the vaccines which prevent these diseases is often quite minimal. Administering vaccines is a safe, easy and cost effective way to prevent disease. Many veterinarians have written material on the recommended vaccinations your pet needs, and would be happy to provide this to you. 

9. Why is veterinary care for my pet(s) so expensive? etc.

Relatively speaking, veterinary care is a great value! The cost of veterinary care has risen very little over the last 20 to 30 years, especially when compared to the cost of human health care or almost any other services.

Veterinary fees are a reflection of the costs of maintaining suitable facilities, equipment and support personnel to provide the level of care that is expected in animal medicine today. Remember, too, the original cost of the animal has no bearing on the cost of services delivered. Annual veterinary care is a cost that should be factored in to the decision to own a pet.

10. My injured (sick) pet needs to be seen by a veterinarian for prompt attention, but I just lost my job.

Most pet owners have a regular veterinarian who may be able to work out a payment plan with his/her regular clients in good standing. The problem arises with people who have pets that do not get regular veterinary care, but demand and seek services in an emergency situation without guaranteeing payment.

If you choose not to establish yourself with a veterinary practice, you should give consideration to how you will manage the financial aspect of an emergency situation involving your pet.

In addition, our hospital offers a method of payment known as "Pet Card" whereby the balance of your account with the hospital is paid by Pet Card and then you are responsible for repaying the balance to the Pet Card company in small easy monthly payments. This can make caring for your pet much more financially managable.  

11. I've heard that there may be pet health insurance available. Is my pet eligible and what is covered?

Third party health insurance is available for pets. As with human health insurance, different companies offer various levels of coverage which have a wide range of deductibles and premiums. There are also certain restrictions on which conditions, injuries and procedures are covered.  

Please contact your veterinary facility which may have more information on this type of insurance.

12. Should I be wary of 'bargain basement' veterinary care? If so, why?

There are minimum standards for veterinary facilities that are overseen by the Ontario regulatory and licencing bodies.  Unfortunately there are no minimum standards for pain control or continuing education veterinarians must participate after graduation.  Sometimes is seems that the level of fees does not relate to "quality of care" provided. However, when you notice significant differences in fees, it is logical to ask detailed questions about the course of treatment proposed.  If fees seem too low compared to other estimates you have received, your expectations for care may not be met. 

13. What is a veterinarian?

Today's veterinarian is dedicated to protecting the health and welfare of both animals and people. Veterinarians are highly educated and skilled in preventing, diagnosing and treating animal health problems. Because their knowledge and training extends to a number of closely-related areas, veterinarians are often involved in more than animal medicine.

They provide a wide variety of services in private practice, teaching and research, regulatory veterinary medicine, public health, private industry and other specialized services.

14. What sort of education must a veterinarian have?

In order to earn a veterinary medical degree, a man or woman must generally complete at least seven years of university education. This includes a minimum of three years of pre-veterinary university education and four years in a program of veterinary medicine.

A typical veterinary medical student spends about 4,000 hours in classroom, laboratory and clinical study. In many ways, a veterinarian's education only begins with a degree. New scientific knowledge and techniques are constantly being developed and a veterinarian must keep his/her knowledge current by reading scientific journals and attending professional meetings, short courses and seminars.

15. Is it difficult to get into a veterinary program?

Yes. For many years, the number of students applying to veterinary school has exceeded the number of available positions.

Men and women who hope to get into a veterinary medical program must complete their pre-veterinary study with high grades. Practical experience with animals or extra years of college can help.

16. If my veterinarian doesn't clear up my pet's problem, can I get a refund?

Fees cover what is done for the animal including an examination, administration of tests, diagnosis, treatment and medications. Some problems can be long term or involve multiple and/or changing causes. Treatment may be ongoing.

To effect a cure is not always possible. You are paying for an honest attempt to diagnose and treat a problem. There is no implied guarantee.